• 1875
    • Foundation of the Heraklion Educational Society, with headmaster Antonios Michelidakis as Chairman.
    • 1878
    • First organised excavation of the palatial complex of Knossos by Minos Kalokerinos (1843 - 1907), founder member and treasurer of the Heraklion Educational Society.
    • 1880
    • Publication of the Minos weekly newspaper.
    • 1883
    • The new Ottoman barracks building (kislades), designed by Epirote architect Athanasios Moussis, is founded on the site of the Venetian barracks of St George. Today it houses the Regional Administration of Crete and the Law Courts.
    • 1892
    • Opening of the Bon Marché haberdashery, the first building in Heraklion with elements of Neoclassical and Balkan architecture. The building is still preserved today on Agios Minas Street.
    • 1893
    • Publication of the Heraklion weekly newspaper by director A. Voreadis and editor Stylianos M. Alexiou.
    • 1895
    • Completion of the Cathedral of Agios Minas, begun in 1862 and designed by Epirote architect Athanasios Moussis.
    • 1898
    • Ottoman rising in Heraklion (25 August). A raging Muslim mob attacks British soldiers and Christian inhabitants of the city. Deaths, arson and extensive destruction in the city centre.
    • Opening of the Kallithea Theatre, originally owned by Sami Bey, in Kisladon Street (now Dikeosinis Avenue), opposite the Turkish barracks. The building later housed the Apollon Cinema.
    • 1899
    • Foundation of the Heraklion Benevolent Fraternity by doctor Charalambos G. Giamalakis.
    • 1902
    • Opening of the Pananeion Municipal Hospital (on what is now Plastira Avenue) by the Metropolitan Bishop of Crete (1898 – 1920) Eumenios II Xiroudakis. The Pananeion was built at the expense of businessman Pananos Theodoulakis and his wife Athena (née Anemoyianni).
    • Opening of the Knossos Hotel, the first modern hotel in Heraklion, on Martyrs of 25 August Street.
    • 1903
    • Completion of the Neoclassical residence of Andreas and Maria Kalokerinos (designed by M. Tsantirakis), on the site of the original 1870 mansion (designed by L. Kaftantzoglou). Today the building houses the Historical Museum of Crete.
    • 1904
    • Construction of the east wing of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum (1904 - 1907) on the east side of the city walls, according to designs by architect-archaeologists Wilhelm Dörpfeld and Panayiotis Kavadias.
    • 1905
    • Foundation of the Korais private lyceum by the eminent philologist Ioannis Perdikaris, educational advisor to Eleftherios Venizelos. The lyceum was originally housed in the Perdikaris residence (now Korai/Milatou Streets). Subjects such as Civic Education, Technical Studies and Foreign Languages (English, French, Italian, Turkish) are taught for the first time. The school also boasts a large library and a Meteorological Station. Physical Education and Athletics form an important part of the curriculum.
    • 1906
    • Construction of the French Covent School, designed by Konstantinos Tsantirakis, in what is now Theotocopoulou Street. The building later became the Evangelismos Clinic.
    • Foundation of the Heraklion Prefecture Teachers’ Association.
    • 1908
    • The intellectual Dimitrios Vikelas (Ermoupoli, Syros 1835 - Athens 1908), visits Heraklion shortly before his death and, impressed by its prosperity and the archaeological excavation finds, donates his valuable library to Heraklion Municipality. Very soon, with the addition of books from the libraries of the Educational Society and the Heraklion Lyceum, the Vikelaia Municipal Library is established.
    • 1909
    • Publication of the Articles of Association of the Apollon Music Association in the Official Gazette of the Cretan State.
    • 1911
    • Election of the first Christian Mayor of Heraklion, Stylianos Georgiou, who replaces Mustafa Deliachmetakis.
    • Establishment of the Athena Olive-Pomace Oil Refinery, owned by Liapakis, Alepoudelis, Vasilakis and Talianis.
    • Opening of the Polytheama open-air theatre, owned by Alexandros Poulakakis, in Pringipos (now Eleftherias) Square.
    • 1912
    • Completion of the west wing of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum according to designs by architect-archaeologists Wilhelm Dörpfeld and Panayiotis Kavadias.
    • 1915
    • Critical edition of Vicenzos Kornaros’s Erotokritos by Ephor of Antiquities Stefanos Xanthoudides, funded by scholar and publisher Stylianos M. Alexiou.
    • Attempt to reconstruct the Venetian Loggia under the supervision of Massimiliano Ongaro, Superintendent of Artistic Monuments of Venice. The upper storey had been demolished in 1904.
    • 1918
    • Construction of a small electrical power station by the British company “Sir Robert McAlpine & Sons”. This was the famous Elektriki, which would later be handed over to Heraklion Municipality in order to light the city.
    • 1921
    • Construction and extension of Heraklion port by the British company “Sir Robert McAlpine & Sons”.
    • 1922
    • On 3 August, approximately 300 refugees from the Black Sea area of Turkey arrive in Heraklion on the SS Smyrna.
    • 1923
    • Completion of a luxury indoor theatre owned by well-known businessman Alexandros Poulakakis, in what is now the Electra Megaron. Between the wars, the new Poulakaki Theatre hosted plays (starring Kyveli, Marika Kotopouli, the Kalouta sisters, Zozo Dalmas and others) and concerts (including Dimitris Mitropoulos, Eleni Spandopouli, the “Cretan Quartet” and the “Mandra tou Attik” company).
    • 1924
    • The last Cretan Muslims to be included in the exchange of populations leave the city.
    • Building of the refugee settlement of Nea Alikarnassos begins.
    • 1925
    • The streets of Heraklion are lit by means of electricity for the first time on 25 December. The electric power is distributed by the Heraklion Municipality Electrical Service, directed by Nikolaos X. Limnios.
    • Establishment of the Heraklion Supporters’ Club (OFI). Football, sports, track, swimming, cycling and women’s volleyball teams are quickly set up.